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Love, life, and faith. Through my eyes.
Love, life, and faith. Through my eyes.
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About: Hi! I am Rachel! Newly 21, The true life workings of a Siksika lesbian!! There are going to be posts about Native issues, LGBT issues, social issues, cute animals, and the occasional rant. I look forward to getting to know you!
Some things you should know: I appreciate and love you all! But I do not automatically follow back. I respect other opinions greatly and look forward
I will answer any ask! So do not be shy and ask away! I will try to put trigger warnings on thing the best I can (but sometimes I need reminders!) This is an identity positive, sex positive, and well, just positive positive space!





"Spin Madly On" theme by Margarette Bacani. Powered by Tumblr.
If I was your girlfriend/boyfriend…[finish it in my ask]

(Source: whowilltellthe-storyofyourlife, via cacophemism)

653,186 plays

thatsnotwatyourmomsaid:

gothamcitygirl:

napoleonbonerhard:

bobafettuccine:

Rebecca Black’s ‘Friday’ and Nyan Cat played on piano simultaneously

In which two negatives result in a positive.

image

That was beautiful.

*CONFLICTION* 

(via moosedeevita)

sulinars:

Alabama city destroying ancient Indian mound for Sam’s Club
This is complete bullshit on SO many levels.
1) It belongs to someone else
2) It’s sacred to that someone
3) It’s against the fucking LAW
4) Wrong, just fucking wrong…I have no more words
Please boost

sulinars:

Alabama city destroying ancient Indian mound for Sam’s Club

This is complete bullshit on SO many levels.

1) It belongs to someone else

2) It’s sacred to that someone

3) It’s against the fucking LAW

4) Wrong, just fucking wrong…I have no more words

Please boost

(via heirofmedusa)

blein:

sO my friend’s dog died and she lives in new york city and so she had to take it to the vet by the subway and she put the dead dog in the suitcase on the subway and it was a pretty big dog and some dude saw that she was struggling with the suitcase so he asked if she needed help with it and he said do you mind me asking what’s in it and she didnt want to say a dead dog so shE SAID IT WAS A BUNCH OF LAPTOPS SO HE TOOK THE SUITCASE AND RAN AND I JUST 

(via withlovethelavendermenace)

sweet-land-of-libertea:

infomercial kitten.

why is no-one willing to sell him a special kitten straw for $19.95

(Source: gifarium, via girlargueswithtree)

bookishboi:

[IMAGE: SCREENSHOT OF A TEXT POST: An anonymous person sent a question to bookishboi asking “If a white-passing Irish either one-eighth black or 1/16 not sure wears an African headdress is that cultural appropriation?”  Bookishboi replies below, saying “If one of my fingers is a pacifist but the rest of my hand still smacks you, will you still feel pain?” ]
Made Rebloggable By Request

bookishboi:

[IMAGE: SCREENSHOT OF A TEXT POST: An anonymous person sent a question to bookishboi asking “If a white-passing Irish either one-eighth black or 1/16 not sure wears an African headdress is that cultural appropriation?”  Bookishboi replies below, saying “If one of my fingers is a pacifist but the rest of my hand still smacks you, will you still feel pain?” ]

Made Rebloggable By Request

(via sonofbaldwin)

girlargueswithtree:

thegoddamazon:

faineemae:

Many people have already found my feature in Seventeen Magazine, so I am really excited to finally talk about this after hiding it for two months!As of May 20th, I am the first Hijabi to be featured in Seventeen magazine. I’m really humbled and honored to announced that I’m working with Gucci, Beyonce for her campaign, Chime for Change and Seventeen Magazine to unite and strengthen the voices speaking out for girls and women around the world. 

I would like to thank everyone who has constantly shown support, but more importantly thank God for all the opportunities, people and happiness He has bestowed upon me. Without Him, I wouldn’t be where I am today because He was able to help me become a better poet with my second family, my poetry slam team and my wonderful coach who helped me find my voice and believing in me. Thank you to my parents and siblings, as well as my friends for supporting me in everything I do. Thank you to Kevin Coval for Louder Than a Bomb, because if I had never competed, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Alhumdulillah, I really thank God for helping me by letting others see the best in me and hiding my flaws.

The issue is in stores all over the world, on itunes, amazon and kindle. Please make sure to buy a copy to show your support, it would mean so much! If you are unable to buy the magazine, here is a high-res scan of this article. There are videos of my poetry on youtube, you can search by typing in “ainee fatima” 
I will be posting a video of my trip and photoshoot in a couple of days, make sure you look out for it. Thank you again to everyone for supporting me in everything I do, I wouldn’t be here without your support.

Fucking love her.

GO AINEE

THAT’S MY FRIEND!!!

girlargueswithtree:

thegoddamazon:

faineemae:

Many people have already found my feature in Seventeen Magazine, so I am really excited to finally talk about this after hiding it for two months!

As of May 20th, I am the first Hijabi to be featured in Seventeen magazine. I’m really humbled and honored to announced that I’m working with Gucci, Beyonce for her campaign, Chime for Change and Seventeen Magazine to unite and strengthen the voices speaking out for girls and women around the world. 

I would like to thank everyone who has constantly shown support, but more importantly thank God for all the opportunities, people and happiness He has bestowed upon me. Without Him, I wouldn’t be where I am today because He was able to help me become a better poet with my second family, my poetry slam team and my wonderful coach who helped me find my voice and believing in me. Thank you to my parents and siblings, as well as my friends for supporting me in everything I do. Thank you to Kevin Coval for Louder Than a Bomb, because if I had never competed, I wouldn’t be where I am today. Alhumdulillah, I really thank God for helping me by letting others see the best in me and hiding my flaws.

The issue is in stores all over the world, on itunes, amazon and kindle. Please make sure to buy a copy to show your support, it would mean so much! If you are unable to buy the magazine, here is a high-res scan of this article. There are videos of my poetry on youtube, you can search by typing in “ainee fatima” 

I will be posting a video of my trip and photoshoot in a couple of days, make sure you look out for it. Thank you again to everyone for supporting me in everything I do, I wouldn’t be here without your support.

Fucking love her.

GO AINEE

THAT’S MY FRIEND!!!

metal-guru:

fr3aksh0ww:

mpregbert:

magikarpschoiceass:

mpregbert:

im so tired i could eat a horse

i identify as a horse and this offends me

i identify as offends and this horses me

I offend horses, identify me.

i think the main question here is why would you eat a horse if you were tired

(Source: egberts, via moosedeevita)

65,982 plays

umistakemeforstraight:

beyoncespenis:

robertvision:

Frank Ocean - Bad Romance (Lady Gaga Cover)

image

Dope

(via sikssaapo-p)

thegoddamazon:

tal9000:

[Image: “My white cat rolled around in sidewalk chalk”. The cat has a blue tail and splotches of green and red on its side]

THAT CAT LOOKS SO PISSED OMG

thegoddamazon:

tal9000:

[Image: “My white cat rolled around in sidewalk chalk”. The cat has a blue tail and splotches of green and red on its side]

THAT CAT LOOKS SO PISSED OMG

(Source: pleatedjeans, via heirofmedusa)

(via genderbitch)

ask-the-10th-doctor:

vanillabobo:

lastglimpsetheatre:

dolphinhats:

alicexz:

toothyhalcyon:

Welcome to Tumblr.

Holy shit this is the most accurate post I have ever seen in my life

wait…this is a completely different gif set on my blog…

Reblog this and then check it on your Tumblr. Go on, do it.

omg HOW?? 

The last one… WTF?!

(Source: parasolpunk, via redcloaklife)

strugglingtobeheard:

unimpressedcats:

the-villain-is-the-catalyst:

20julz13:

IT JUST WANTS TO WEAR THE HAT

“NO SON OF MINE IS GONNA WEAR PEOPLE HATS”

you’ve brought great shame on our family

Not in my damn house

(via benjamindolce)

Merf. Thinking is Hard.: leupagus: jaaaaaaaaaackfrost: frostlands: jaaaaaaaaaackfrost: but what...

leupagus:

jaaaaaaaaaackfrost:

frostlands:

jaaaaaaaaaackfrost:

but what if a vampire drank the blood of someone who was anemic like would they be seriously grossed out

“what the fuck is this”

“i have anemia”

“can you take something for that you should probably take something for that this shit is nasty to drink let alone have running through your body i’m setting up a doctor’s appointment for you”

“dude really you don’t have to just leave what the fu—”

“you disgust me here take these iron supplements”

“where did you even get th—”

“shut up and take your pills and dont forget your vitamin D”

“i’m going to check up on you weekly to make sure you’re taking them”

“that’s not necessary”

“maybe we should work on a dietary plan with foods rich in iron and other things for you”

“do you get this involved with all of your meals”

VAMPIREDUDE:
did u get the cookbook i orderd 4 u

ME:
Oh my god, first of all stop using text speak, you told me you were 278, second how did you know where I LIVED, third yes I got it.

VAMPIREDUDE:
heard onions were good 4 blood, eat lots

ME:
So you can have a tasty meal? I guess you’d rather I stay away from garlic, huh.

VAMPIREDUDE:
UR being v rude I just got u a present!!!

ME:
THE COOKBOOK IS CALLED “HOW TO TASTE DELICIOUS,” I AM CALLING THE COPS

(Source: jaclcfrost, via moniquill)

saphire-dance:

The Civil Rights Movement You Probably Don’t Know Much About.

I asked some of my friends what they knew about Native Americans civil rights history, the answer I got back was nothing. Not surprising. American History, as it is taught, simply stops mentioning Native Americans with the Wounded Knee Massacre. Much like how it doesn’t mention African Americans after the Civil War. But while African Americans return to the history books, with the civil rights movement. Native Americans still remain largely ignored, relegated to the long distant past. But that’s not the truth. I’m not a scholar. Most of what I know is from my mother’s involvement with the American Indian Movement, but what I can give you is a little more information to look into it on your own

So here is the great Wikipedia run down of the Native American civil rights movement. All links should lead you back to Wikipedia, enjoy your history lesson
 
The initial AIM movement

As had civil rights and antiwar activists, AIM used the American press and media to present its message to the United States public. It created events to attract the press. If successful, news outlets would seek out AIM spokespersons for interviews. Rather than relying on traditional lobbying efforts, AIM took its message directly to the American public. Its leaders looked for opportunities to gain publicity. Sound bites such as the “AIM Song” became associated with the movement.
Events

Alcatraz Occupation

The group Indians of All Tribes occupied the island of Alcatraz from 1969 to 1971, attracting national attention as they demanded the reclamation of the land under the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. 

During ceremonies on Thanksgiving Day 1970 to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the Pilgrims’ landing at Plymouth Rock, AIM seized the replica of the Mayflower in Boston. In 1971, members occupied Mount Rushmore for a few days, as it was created in the Black Hills of South Dakota, long sacred to the Lakota. This area was within the Great Sioux Reservation as created by the US Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. After the discovery of gold, the federal government took the land in 1877 and sold it for mining and settlement to European Americans.

Also in 1971, AIM began to highlight and protest problems with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), which administered programs and land trusts for Native Americans. The group briefly occupied BIA headquarters in Washington, DC. A brief arrest, reversal of charges for “unlawful entry” and a meeting with Louis Bruce, the Mohawk/Lakota BIA Commissioner, ended AIM’s first event in the capital.[7] In 1972, activists marched across country on the “Trail of Broken Treaties” and took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), occupying it for several days and doing millions of dollars in damage.
Border town cases
In 1972, Raymond Yellow Thunder, a 51-year-old Oglala Lakota from Pine Ridge Reservation, was murdered in Gordon, Nebraska, by two brothers, Leslie and Melvin Hare, younger white men. After their trial and conviction, the Hares received the minimal sentence for manslaughter. Members of AIM went to Gordon to protest the sentencing, as it was part of a pattern of law enforcement in border counties that did not provide justice to Native Americans. In the winter of 1973, Wesley Bad Heart Bull, a Lakota, was stabbed to death at a bar in South Dakota by Darrell Schmitz, a white male. The offender was jailed, but released on a $5000 bond and charged with second degree manslaughter. In protest of the charges, a group of AIM members and leaders from Pine Ridge Reservation and leaders went to the county seat of Custer, South Dakota, to meet with the prosecutor. Police in riot gear allowed only four people to enter the county courthouse. The talks were not successful, and tempers rose over the police treatment; AIM activists caused $2 million in damages by attacking and burning the Custer Chamber of Commerce building, the courthouse, and two patrol cars. Many of the AIM demonstrators were arrested and charged; numerous people served sentences, including the mother of Wesley Bad Heart Bull.
1973 Wounded Knee Incident


In addition to the problems of violence in the border towns, many traditional people at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation were unhappy with the government of Richard Wilson, elected in 1972. When their effort to impeach him in February 1973 failed, they met to plan protests and action. Many people on the reservation were unhappy about its longstanding poverty and failures of the federal government to live up to its treaties with Indian nations. The women elders encouraged the men to act. On February 27, 1973, about 300 Oglala Lakota and AIM activists went to the hamlet of Wounded Knee for their protest. It developed into a 71-day siege, with the FBI cordoning off the area by using US Marshals and later National Guard units. The occupation was symbolically held at the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. The Oglala Lakota demanded a revival of treaty negotiations to begin to correct relations with the federal government, the respect of their sovereignty, and the removal of Wilson from office. The American Indians occupied the Sacred Heart Church, the Gildersleeve Trading Post and numerous homes of the village. Although periodic negotiations were held between AIM spokesman and U.S. government negotiators, gunfire occurred on both sides. A US Marshal was wounded severely and paralyzed. In April, a Cherokee from North Carolina and a Lakota AIM member were shot and killed. The elders ended the occupation then.
After about a month, the Department of Justice excluded the press from access to Wounded Knee. (Before that, they were frequently interviewing Indian spokesmen and the event was receiving international coverage.) The Academy Awards ceremony was held in Hollywood, where the actor Marlon Brando, a supporter of AIM, asked an Apache actress, Sacheen Littlefeather, to speak at the Oscars on his behalf. He had been nominated for his performance in The Godfather and won. Littlefeather arrived in full Apache regalia and read his statement that, owing to the “poor treatment of Native Americans in the film industry,” Brando would not accept the award. In interviews, she also talked about the Wounded Knee occupation. The event grabbed the attention of the US and the world media. The movement considered the Awards ceremony publicity, together with Wounded Knee, as a major event and public relations victory, as polls showed that Americans were sympathetic to the Indian cause.
Pine Ridge Reservation violence

AIM members continued to be active at Pine Ridge, although Wilson stayed in office and was re-elected in 1974 in a contested election. Violent deaths rose, and more than 60 political opponents of his died violently during the next three years. In June 1975 in what has been called the “Pine Ridge shootout”, two FBI agents were killed near Jumping Bull Ranch, and found to have been shot execution style. Three AIM members were eventually indicted for the murders: Darryl Butler, Robert Robideau and Leonard Peltier, who had escaped to Canada. Darryl and Robideau were tried in 1975 and acquitted. After extradition, Peltier was tried separately and convicted in 1976. He is serving two concurrent life sentences.
Informants true and false

In late 1974, AIM leaders discovered that Douglas Durham, a prominent member who was by then head of security, was an FBI informant. They confronted him and expelled him from AIM at a press conference in March 1975. With some members in fugitive status after the Pine Ridge shootout, suspicions about FBI infiltration remained high. For various reasons, Anna Mae Aquash, the “highest-ranking” woman in AIM, was mistakenly suspected of being an informant. According to testimony at trials in 2004 and 2010 of men convicted of her murder, she was interrogated in the fall of 1975. In mid-December she was taken from Denver, Colorado, to Rapid City, South Dakota, and interrogated again, then taken to Rosebud Reservation and finally to a far corner of Pine Ridge Reservation, where she was killed by a gunshot wound to the back of the head. Her body was not found until February 1976. Low-level AIM members Arlo Looking Cloud and John Graham were convicted of her murder, but many people believed that “higher-ranking” leaders had ordered it. Dissension over this issue contributed to the 1993 split in the AIM organization.
The Longest Walk and The Longest Walk 2
1978

“The Longest Walk” (1978) was an AIM-led spiritual walk across the country to support tribal sovereignty and bring attention to 11 pieces of anti-Indian legislation; AIM believed that the proposed legislation would have abrogated Indian Treaties, quantified and limited water rights, etc. The first walk began on February 11, 1978, with a ceremony on Alcatraz Island, where a Sacred Pipe was loaded with tobacco. The Pipe was carried the entire distance. This 3,200-mile (5,100 km)-Walk’s purpose was to educate people about the US government’s continuing threat to Tribal Sovereignty; it rallied thousands representing many Indian Nations throughout the United States and Canada. Traditional spiritual leaders from many tribes participated, leading traditional ceremonies. International spiritual leaders, primarily from Japan, also supported the Walk.
On July 15, 1978, “The Longest Walk” entered Washington, D.C., with several thousand Indians and a number of non-Indian supporters. The traditional elders led them to the Washington Monument, where the Pipe carried across the country was smoked. Over the following week, they held rallies at various sites to address issues: the 11 pieces of legislation, American Indian political prisoners, forced relocation at Big Mountain, the Navajo Nation, etc. Non-Indian supporters included the American boxer Muhammad Ali, US Senator Ted Kennedy and the actor Marlon Brando. The US Congress voted against a proposed bill to abrogate treaties with Indian Nations. During the week after the activists arrived, Congress passed the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, which allowed them the use of peyote in worship. President Jimmy Carter refused to meet with representatives of The Longest Walk.
2008
Thirty years later, AIM led the Longest Walk 2, which arrived in Washington in July 2008. This 8,200-mile (13,200 km)-walk had started from the San Francisco Bay area. The Longest Walk 2 had representatives from more than 100 American Indian nations, and other indigenous participants, such as Maori. It also had non-indigenous supporters. The walk highlighted the need for protection of American Indian sacred sites, tribal sovereignty, environmental protection and action to stop global warming. Participants traveled on either the Northern Route (basically that of 1978) or the Southern Route. Participants crossed a total of 26 states on the two different routes.
Northern Route

The Northern Route was led by veterans of that action. The walkers used Sacred staffs to represent their issues; the group supported the protection of sacred sites of indigenous peoples, traditional tribal sovereignty, issues related to native prisoners, and the protection of children. They also commemorated the 30th anniversary of the original Longest Walk.
Southern Route
Walkers along the Southern Route picked up more than 8,000 bags of garbage on their way to Washington. In Washington, the Southern Route delivered a 30-page manifesto, “The Manifesto of Change”, and a list of demands, including mitigation for climate change, a call for environmental sustainability plans, protection of sacred sites, and renewal of improvement to Native American sovereignty and health.

saphire-dance:

The Civil Rights Movement You Probably Don’t Know Much About.


I asked some of my friends what they knew about Native Americans civil rights history, the answer I got back was nothing. Not surprising. American History, as it is taught, simply stops mentioning Native Americans with the Wounded Knee Massacre. Much like how it doesn’t mention African Americans after the Civil War. But while African Americans return to the history books, with the civil rights movement. Native Americans still remain largely ignored, relegated to the long distant past. But that’s not the truth. I’m not a scholar. Most of what I know is from my mother’s involvement with the American Indian Movement, but what I can give you is a little more information to look into it on your own


So here is the great Wikipedia run down of the Native American civil rights movement. All links should lead you back to Wikipedia, enjoy your history lesson

 

The initial AIM movement

As had civil rights and antiwar activists, AIM used the American press and media to present its message to the United States public. It created events to attract the press. If successful, news outlets would seek out AIM spokespersons for interviews. Rather than relying on traditional lobbying efforts, AIM took its message directly to the American public. Its leaders looked for opportunities to gain publicity. Sound bites such as the “AIM Song” became associated with the movement.

Events

Alcatraz Occupation

The group Indians of All Tribes occupied the island of Alcatraz from 1969 to 1971, attracting national attention as they demanded the reclamation of the land under the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie.

During ceremonies on Thanksgiving Day 1970 to commemorate the 350th anniversary of the Pilgrims’ landing at Plymouth Rock, AIM seized the replica of the Mayflower in Boston. In 1971, members occupied Mount Rushmore for a few days, as it was created in the Black Hills of South Dakota, long sacred to the Lakota. This area was within the Great Sioux Reservation as created by the US Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. After the discovery of gold, the federal government took the land in 1877 and sold it for mining and settlement to European Americans.



Also in 1971, AIM began to highlight and protest problems with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), which administered programs and land trusts for Native Americans. The group briefly occupied BIA headquarters in Washington, DC. A brief arrest, reversal of charges for “unlawful entry” and a meeting with Louis Bruce, the Mohawk/Lakota BIA Commissioner, ended AIM’s first event in the capital.[7] In 1972, activists marched across country on the “Trail of Broken Treaties” and took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), occupying it for several days and doing millions of dollars in damage.

Border town cases

In 1972, Raymond Yellow Thunder, a 51-year-old Oglala Lakota from Pine Ridge Reservation, was murdered in Gordon, Nebraska, by two brothers, Leslie and Melvin Hare, younger white men. After their trial and conviction, the Hares received the minimal sentence for manslaughter. Members of AIM went to Gordon to protest the sentencing, as it was part of a pattern of law enforcement in border counties that did not provide justice to Native Americans. In the winter of 1973, Wesley Bad Heart Bull, a Lakota, was stabbed to death at a bar in South Dakota by Darrell Schmitz, a white male. The offender was jailed, but released on a $5000 bond and charged with second degree manslaughter. In protest of the charges, a group of AIM members and leaders from Pine Ridge Reservation and leaders went to the county seat of Custer, South Dakota, to meet with the prosecutor. Police in riot gear allowed only four people to enter the county courthouse. The talks were not successful, and tempers rose over the police treatment; AIM activists caused $2 million in damages by attacking and burning the Custer Chamber of Commerce building, the courthouse, and two patrol cars. Many of the AIM demonstrators were arrested and charged; numerous people served sentences, including the mother of Wesley Bad Heart Bull.

1973 Wounded Knee Incident



In addition to the problems of violence in the border towns, many traditional people at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation were unhappy with the government of Richard Wilson, elected in 1972. When their effort to impeach him in February 1973 failed, they met to plan protests and action. Many people on the reservation were unhappy about its longstanding poverty and failures of the federal government to live up to its treaties with Indian nations. The women elders encouraged the men to act. On February 27, 1973, about 300 Oglala Lakota and AIM activists went to the hamlet of Wounded Knee for their protest. It developed into a 71-day siege, with the FBI cordoning off the area by using US Marshals and later National Guard units. The occupation was symbolically held at the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre. The Oglala Lakota demanded a revival of treaty negotiations to begin to correct relations with the federal government, the respect of their sovereignty, and the removal of Wilson from office. The American Indians occupied the Sacred Heart Church, the Gildersleeve Trading Post and numerous homes of the village. Although periodic negotiations were held between AIM spokesman and U.S. government negotiators, gunfire occurred on both sides. A US Marshal was wounded severely and paralyzed. In April, a Cherokee from North Carolina and a Lakota AIM member were shot and killed. The elders ended the occupation then.

After about a month, the Department of Justice excluded the press from access to Wounded Knee. (Before that, they were frequently interviewing Indian spokesmen and the event was receiving international coverage.) The Academy Awards ceremony was held in Hollywood, where the actor Marlon Brando, a supporter of AIM, asked an Apache actress, Sacheen Littlefeather, to speak at the Oscars on his behalf. He had been nominated for his performance in The Godfather and won. Littlefeather arrived in full Apache regalia and read his statement that, owing to the “poor treatment of Native Americans in the film industry,” Brando would not accept the award. In interviews, she also talked about the Wounded Knee occupation. The event grabbed the attention of the US and the world media. The movement considered the Awards ceremony publicity, together with Wounded Knee, as a major event and public relations victory, as polls showed that Americans were sympathetic to the Indian cause.

Pine Ridge Reservation violence

AIM members continued to be active at Pine Ridge, although Wilson stayed in office and was re-elected in 1974 in a contested election. Violent deaths rose, and more than 60 political opponents of his died violently during the next three years. In June 1975 in what has been called the “Pine Ridge shootout”, two FBI agents were killed near Jumping Bull Ranch, and found to have been shot execution style. Three AIM members were eventually indicted for the murders: Darryl Butler, Robert Robideau and Leonard Peltier, who had escaped to Canada. Darryl and Robideau were tried in 1975 and acquitted. After extradition, Peltier was tried separately and convicted in 1976. He is serving two concurrent life sentences.

Informants true and false

In late 1974, AIM leaders discovered that Douglas Durham, a prominent member who was by then head of security, was an FBI informant. They confronted him and expelled him from AIM at a press conference in March 1975. With some members in fugitive status after the Pine Ridge shootout, suspicions about FBI infiltration remained high. For various reasons, Anna Mae Aquash, the “highest-ranking” woman in AIM, was mistakenly suspected of being an informant. According to testimony at trials in 2004 and 2010 of men convicted of her murder, she was interrogated in the fall of 1975. In mid-December she was taken from Denver, Colorado, to Rapid City, South Dakota, and interrogated again, then taken to Rosebud Reservation and finally to a far corner of Pine Ridge Reservation, where she was killed by a gunshot wound to the back of the head. Her body was not found until February 1976. Low-level AIM members Arlo Looking Cloud and John Graham were convicted of her murder, but many people believed that “higher-ranking” leaders had ordered it. Dissension over this issue contributed to the 1993 split in the AIM organization.


The Longest Walk and The Longest Walk 2

1978

“The Longest Walk” (1978) was an AIM-led spiritual walk across the country to support tribal sovereignty and bring attention to 11 pieces of anti-Indian legislation; AIM believed that the proposed legislation would have abrogated Indian Treaties, quantified and limited water rights, etc. The first walk began on February 11, 1978, with a ceremony on Alcatraz Island, where a Sacred Pipe was loaded with tobacco. The Pipe was carried the entire distance. This 3,200-mile (5,100 km)-Walk’s purpose was to educate people about the US government’s continuing threat to Tribal Sovereignty; it rallied thousands representing many Indian Nations throughout the United States and Canada. Traditional spiritual leaders from many tribes participated, leading traditional ceremonies. International spiritual leaders, primarily from Japan, also supported the Walk.

On July 15, 1978, “The Longest Walk” entered Washington, D.C., with several thousand Indians and a number of non-Indian supporters. The traditional elders led them to the Washington Monument, where the Pipe carried across the country was smoked. Over the following week, they held rallies at various sites to address issues: the 11 pieces of legislation, American Indian political prisoners, forced relocation at Big Mountain, the Navajo Nation, etc. Non-Indian supporters included the American boxer Muhammad Ali, US Senator Ted Kennedy and the actor Marlon Brando. The US Congress voted against a proposed bill to abrogate treaties with Indian Nations. During the week after the activists arrived, Congress passed the American Indian Religious Freedom Act, which allowed them the use of peyote in worship. President Jimmy Carter refused to meet with representatives of The Longest Walk.

2008

Thirty years later, AIM led the Longest Walk 2, which arrived in Washington in July 2008. This 8,200-mile (13,200 km)-walk had started from the San Francisco Bay area. The Longest Walk 2 had representatives from more than 100 American Indian nations, and other indigenous participants, such as Maori. It also had non-indigenous supporters. The walk highlighted the need for protection of American Indian sacred sites, tribal sovereignty, environmental protection and action to stop global warming. Participants traveled on either the Northern Route (basically that of 1978) or the Southern Route. Participants crossed a total of 26 states on the two different routes.

Northern Route

The Northern Route was led by veterans of that action. The walkers used Sacred staffs to represent their issues; the group supported the protection of sacred sites of indigenous peoples, traditional tribal sovereignty, issues related to native prisoners, and the protection of children. They also commemorated the 30th anniversary of the original Longest Walk.

Southern Route

Walkers along the Southern Route picked up more than 8,000 bags of garbage on their way to Washington. In Washington, the Southern Route delivered a 30-page manifesto, “The Manifesto of Change”, and a list of demands, including mitigation for climate change, a call for environmental sustainability plans, protection of sacred sites, and renewal of improvement to Native American sovereignty and health.

(via sikssaapo-p)